Glossary

Adsorbent - natural or synthetic materials that, thanks to a complex surface, are able to adsorb well (in other words, absorb) various substances from the treated medium.

Raw materials

Drilling sludge - is usually already partially dehydrated part of the spent drilling mud; drilling mud is obtained by separating water from liquid drilling fluids and is a clay-shaped mixture of solid particles of drilling mud, products of wear and abrasion of the walls of the borehole, drilling shell, casing pipes and washed rocks.

Industrial oil - oil used for lubrication and cooling of the most of fractioning parts in industrial equipment - machines, ventilators, pumps, reduction devices, shafts, bearings, etc.; it should contain minimum of foreign inclusions and water to ensure normal maintenance.

Compressor oil - a type of industrial oil designated for lubricating centrifugal and screw compressors.

Mineral oil - any type of oil (turbine, transformer, motor, etc.), which has mineral origin, i.e. produced by oil refining.

Oil sludge - general notion that unites wastes from oil refinery, wastes formed during storage and transportation of oil products, as well as produced after Oil Spill Emergency Response.

Motor oil - oil used for lubricating internal combustion engines (rotor or piston type).

Spent drilling mud - is a mixture of water, solid particles of drilling mud, products of wear and abrasion of the walls of the borehole, drilling shell, casing pipes and washed rocks; in most cases, the spent drilling mud is dehydrated for further disposal or dumped into specialized temporary storage barns for settling.

A mixture of oil waste (SNO) - is liquid oil sludge produced as a result of washing wagons, tanks and oil pipelines; as a rule, they are characterized by a low content of mechanical impurities, but a large amount of water, including dissolved at the molecular level.

Transformer oil - oil pumped into the transformer tank for the purposes of its cooling and increasing reliability of insulation; normal maintenance, first of all, requires minimal content of gases and water.

Turbine oil - constrained type of industrial oil designated mainly for lubrication of bearings of industrial turbine units and their cooling – turbines, turbo compressors, expansion turbines, hydraulic turbines, etc.; it should contain minimum of foreign inclusions and water to ensure normal maintenance.

Vacuum decontamination - separation of dissolved or vapor gases through placement of the liquid into closed capacity and creation of vacuum; when the environment similar to vacuum in the surrounding area is created, it is possible to squeeze all vapors and gases out of the liquid.

Types of treatment

Vacuum drying - method of water vaporization with creation of pressure similar to vacuum that allows decreasing heating temperature significantly, as far as all the liquids boil in the vacuum with considerably lower temperatures.

Gravitational-dynamic separation - separation of two liquids in a state of unstable emulsion and having different densities; principle. The emulsion embedded in the gravitationally dynamic separation can be briefly characterized as follows: the emulsion, passing through the complex internal structure of the separator, forces liquid droplets to coalescence (droplets sticking together when they come into contact inside a mobile medium) with a gradual advance of a less dense liquid to a denser one and its separation at the outlet of the separator using a flow node.

Pumping under pressure - supply of liquid or gas into the unit, which requires pressure to overcome resistance of protective mechanisms of the unit or lifting the level of liquid higher than the initial level; simple example – compressor pumping air mixture into deflated car wheel.

Coagulation - method of cleansing the liquid from mechanical admixtures and other inclusions, during which specifically selected reactants make these inclusions unite into larger units and precipitate under their own weight.

Heating by heat exchangers - heating, during which heat is transferred from one environment into another by means of heat exchanging devices divided by the type of heat exchange – liquid-liquid, liquid-air, air-air, etc; simple example – usual home battery, which belongs to liquid-air type, and allows transferring heat from liquid going through the battery into a heated room.

Sorbing - method of final cleansing and drying of liquids or gases, during which raw materials get in contact with chemical reactants that allow taking out the traces of any useless substances, such as water, oxides, pigments, etc; simple example – bags with silica gel, usually placed into different boxes for electric devices before sale, serve to adsorb moisture inside the pack.

Air drying - is a method of purging with a powerful jet of air, including heated air, in which moisture residues on the treated surfaces are removed.

Sand extraction - is the gravitational (i.e., under its own weight) separation of mechanical impurities from wastewater and other contaminated liquids.

Pumping over - taking liquid from one tank and transferring to another tank; usually pumping over is done be specifically selected pump.

Production of soil-slurry mixtures - is a method of disposal of drilling sludge; with this method, drilling sludge is mixed with a number of other components (for example, sand, cement, etc.) in order to reduce the hazard class and the possibility of using the resulting mixture during construction or for safe burial.

Thermal utilization - burning, during which all conditions for maximal burning of sludges are created by means of constant support of the temperature and injection of air into burning chamber.

Accounting - calculation of liquid or gas, which went through the unit, with the help of flow meters and counters.

Filtration - separation of mechanical admixtures and solid inclusions by means of passing the liquid through coarse and/or final filters, where quantity and size of admixtures and inclusions depend on the size of filter cells; usually the character of filtration is calculated in microns.

Electric heating - heating by any types of heaters, which consume electricity, specifically selected for heated environment (oil, water, air, etc.); simple example of electric heating – a so called “water boiler”, which was very popular in the Soviet Union.

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